# blockspace.wiki > Everything about Bitcoin blockspace, written down: the projects of Blockspace Holdings, their glossaries, the concepts (Blockspace Value Theory, BTI), the protocols, how blockspace is measured, and the data and APIs. Every page cites its sources; theory is labelled as theory. The whole wiki in one Markdown file: https://blockspace.wiki/llms-full.txt. Each page is also at /index.md. ## Bitcoin blockspace basics - [Bitcoin blockspace basics](https://blockspace.wiki/basics/index.md): Blocks, weight, vbytes, fees and the witness discount: the on-ramp. - [What is a block](https://blockspace.wiki/basics/what-is-a-block/index.md): Blocks, transactions and the chain: what a Bitcoin block holds, how its size is counted, and how many there are. - [Block weight and the limit](https://blockspace.wiki/basics/block-weight-and-the-limit/index.md): Why a block's capacity is counted in weight units, the 4,000,000 WU consensus limit, and the 400,000 WU limit on a standard transaction. - [Vbytes](https://blockspace.wiki/basics/vbytes/index.md): The virtual byte: a quarter of a transaction's weight, the unit fee rates are quoted in, and why it differs from a transaction's raw size. - [Fees and the mempool](https://blockspace.wiki/basics/fees-and-the-mempool/index.md): Where a transaction waits before it is mined, how its fee is quoted in sat/vB, and what Blockspace Holdings' own node and fee estimates read. - [The witness discount](https://blockspace.wiki/basics/the-witness-discount/index.md): A witness byte weighs a quarter of a base byte, so it costs a quarter as much at the same fee rate. The short version, with links to the full page. - [Halvings and the subsidy](https://blockspace.wiki/basics/halvings-and-the-subsidy/index.md): The block subsidy, what Blockspace Holdings' documents say about it and the halving schedule, the fees beside it, and the sats coinbases never claimed. - [Why blockspace is scarce](https://blockspace.wiki/basics/why-blockspace-is-scarce/index.md): The fixed weight limit is the fact; what limits blockspace underneath it is Blockspace Value Theory's argument, labelled as theory. ## Concepts - [Concepts](https://blockspace.wiki/concepts/index.md): Blockspace Value Theory, BTI, the books, attribution and the rest. - [Blockspace Value Theory](https://blockspace.wiki/concepts/blockspace-value-theory/index.md): BVT, a living document and an untested thesis: that tokens built on consumed Bitcoin blockspace form one commodity, priced in kilobytes. - [Blockspace](https://blockspace.wiki/concepts/blockspace/index.md): What blockspace is: the bytes Bitcoin's blocks hold, as BTI counts them, and what Blockspace Value Theory proposes about them. - [Attribution and the Shared Claim Axiom](https://blockspace.wiki/concepts/attribution-and-the-axiom/index.md): The Shared Claim Axiom: when several tokens claim the same consumed bytes, they share them equally. Plus the B19 draft, which proposes a different test. - [BTP, the Blockspace Token Protocol](https://blockspace.wiki/concepts/btp/index.md): BTP is a draft (0.1, 2026-07-29) of a protocol whose subject is blockspace itself: which token owns which consumed bytes. It does not exist. - [BYTES, a fungible blockspace token](https://blockspace.wiki/concepts/bytes/index.md): BYTES is a draft (0.2, 2026-07-29) of a token minted one per byte of consumed blockspace. It does not exist; its economics are analysed in a companion document. - [Atomicals as a natural experiment](https://blockspace.wiki/concepts/atomicals-natural-experiment/index.md): An observation offered to BVT: Atomicals kept its consumed blockspace and lost its community, so its market is a test between Reading B and Reading C. - [BTI, the Blockspace Token Indexer](https://blockspace.wiki/concepts/bti/index.md): The instrument behind every block.space number: it counts every byte, catalogues every token operation, and writes three books of attribution. - [The three books](https://blockspace.wiki/concepts/the-three-books/index.md): Book A (inclusive), Book B (regional) and Book C (content): three answers to how many bytes back a token, with C ≤ B ≤ A on every entry. - [Carriage and the free-ride index](https://blockspace.wiki/concepts/carriage-and-the-free-ride-index/index.md): Bought or riding: why bytes a token merely rode are measured but never backing, and how B/A shows how much of a token's inclusive claim is its own. - [The byte census (T1)](https://blockspace.wiki/concepts/byte-census-t1/index.md): BTI's first layer: one protocol-blind pass recording every transaction's size, vsize, weight and fee, and where in each block the data sits. - [Claims (T2)](https://blockspace.wiki/concepts/claims-t2/index.md): BTI's second layer: metaprotocol adapters and BTI's own decoders turn each protocol's records into append-only facts about which token touched which bytes. - [The books (T3)](https://blockspace.wiki/concepts/books-t3/index.md): BTI's third layer: a pure function of T1 and T2 that divides shared bytes among tokens, allocates fees and writes the book entries, the aggregates and the consensus hash. - [The frontier and "as of block H"](https://blockspace.wiki/concepts/the-frontier/index.md): How far each stage of BTI and its appendix has got, why the cursors are ordered books ≤ claims ≤ census, and why every block.space figure carries its height. - [Weight units and vbytes](https://blockspace.wiki/concepts/weight-units-and-vbytes/index.md): Three ways to size a Bitcoin transaction (raw bytes, weight units and vbytes), the exact formulas, and why BTI's books count raw bytes. - [The witness discount](https://blockspace.wiki/concepts/witness-discount/index.md): SegWit weighs witness bytes at a quarter of base bytes. What that does to fees, how BTI measures it per protocol, and what Blockspace Value Theory proposes it means. - [Fee rate](https://blockspace.wiki/concepts/fee-rate/index.md): What a transaction pays per vbyte, why a witness byte costs a quarter of a base byte, and how BTI divides fees among the tokens a transaction was bought for. - [Relay policy](https://blockspace.wiki/concepts/relay-policy/index.md): What a node will relay, as opposed to what is valid: the fee floor and sub-1 sat/vB relay, the standard size, data-carrier limits and full-RBF, from Blockspace Holdings' own node. - [Sats and ordinals](https://blockspace.wiki/concepts/sats-and-ordinals/index.md): Every sat is separately ownable and numbered by ord. How BTI treats the sat as a token, why rarity is not one, and the Ordinal Sats family on block.space. - [Inscriptions](https://blockspace.wiki/concepts/inscriptions/index.md): Files bound to sats by ord: the witness envelope that carries them, the commit and reveal, recursion and delegation, cursed inscriptions, and how BTI books their bytes. - [Spent sats (blockspace.to)](https://blockspace.wiki/concepts/spent-sats/index.md): blockspace.to is an ord explorer and indexer that also keeps the sat ranges of spent outputs. What that adds, what uses it, and the live state of its index. - [Holders and share of backing](https://blockspace.wiki/concepts/holders/index.md): Who holds the tokens BTI measures, and how each token's bytes divide among its holders: the holders appendix, the rule of shares, coverage, and the leaderboard population. ## Projects - [Projects](https://blockspace.wiki/projects/index.md): Every Blockspace Holdings project, each with its glossary and FAQ. - [block.space](https://blockspace.wiki/projects/block.space/index.md): The Bitcoin Blockspace Meter: how much of Bitcoin's blockspace is attributed to tokens, token by token, byte by byte. - [degent.club](https://blockspace.wiki/projects/degent.club/index.md): The Decentralized Gentlemen Club: a community-driven ordinal collection of unique Pepes in tuxedos, built on Bitcoin, with a non-custodial mint. - [scribb.it](https://blockspace.wiki/projects/scribb.it/index.md): Scribbit: a planned way to write a document or record directly into Bitcoin. "Write it once. Keep it forever." - [counters.fun](https://blockspace.wiki/projects/counters.fun/index.md): Counters with XCP liquidity pools. On-chain files only. - [counters.gallery](https://blockspace.wiki/projects/counters.gallery/index.md): Bitcoin Counters explorer: numbered inscriptions in Bitcoin witness data, owned through Counterparty assets. - [devcash.dev](https://blockspace.wiki/projects/devcash.dev/index.md): Devcash: "Cash for the developer economy: a bounty platform and a decentralized exchange." - [mintbitbars.xyz](https://blockspace.wiki/projects/mintbitbars.xyz/index.md): Bitbar minting app. - [blockspace.holdings](https://blockspace.wiki/projects/blockspace.holdings/index.md): Blockspace Holdings' own page: "We acquire & Hodl Blockspace Assets. We serve public Blockspace Infrastructure." - [spaceblocks.art](https://blockspace.wiki/projects/spaceblocks.art/index.md): Space Blocks: one image that fills a 1 MB block, inscription #83,851,681, 1,047,584 bytes. - [blockspace.wiki](https://blockspace.wiki/projects/blockspace.wiki/index.md): "A place to write all information and documentation about blockspace." - [litepedia.space](https://blockspace.wiki/projects/litepedia.space/index.md): "Wikipedia on Litecoin. The encyclopedia uploaded to Litecoin, where anyone can pay LTC to make an edit, with a robust editing system." - [blockspace.loans](https://blockspace.wiki/projects/blockspace.loans/index.md): A parked domain of Blockspace Holdings; no concept announced as of 2026-10-20. - [blockspace.markets](https://blockspace.wiki/projects/blockspace.markets/index.md): Blockspace for sale, priced per kilobyte. - [blockspace.news](https://blockspace.wiki/projects/blockspace.news/index.md): The day in Bitcoin blockspace, in numbers, from block.space. - [blockspacelabs.com](https://blockspace.wiki/projects/blockspacelabs.com/index.md): Blockspace Labs: "Research and development for Bitcoin blockspace." - [blockspace.to](https://blockspace.wiki/projects/blockspace.to/index.md): "Tracks spent sats. A Blockspace Labs product." - [blockspace.space](https://blockspace.wiki/projects/blockspace.space/index.md): A parked domain of Blockspace Holdings; no concept announced as of 2026-10-20. - [bitmap.holdings](https://blockspace.wiki/projects/bitmap.holdings/index.md): Bitmap Holdings: "Bitmaps turn each Bitcoin block into digital land—programmable, ownable, eternal." ## Protocols - [Protocols](https://blockspace.wiki/protocols/index.md): One page per token family BTI measures, with its live share of blockspace. - [Ordinal Sats](https://blockspace.wiki/protocols/ordinal-sats/index.md): The sat family: inscribed sats, bitmaps, sat names and CAT-21 sats. How ord binds files to sats, how BTI books them, and the family's live share. - [Runes](https://blockspace.wiki/protocols/runes/index.md): Fungible tokens whose messages, runestones, ride an OP_RETURN output. BTI decodes them itself; ord is only its audit oracle. - [BRC-20](https://blockspace.wiki/protocols/brc-20/index.md): Tick ledgers written as JSON inscriptions, and since 2026-08-11 also on bare OP_RETURN. A BRC-20 mint has two claimants, the sat and the tick. BRC-100 is covered here too. - [Alkanes](https://blockspace.wiki/protocols/alkanes/index.md): Contract tokens called through protostones inside a runestone. metashrew's trace is the record; every contract that ran claims the bytes. - [Omni](https://blockspace.wiki/protocols/omni/index.md): The Mastercoin-lineage ledger, TetherUS included. BTI decodes Class C messages in OP_RETURN itself; a ledger token's bytes are its operations. - [ARC-20 and Atomicals](https://blockspace.wiki/protocols/arc-20-and-atomicals/index.md): Atomicals' fungible ARC-20 tickers, whose units ride sats, and its NFTs (containers and dmitems). One definitional indexer, one quarantine, one named gap: realms. - [Counterparty](https://blockspace.wiki/protocols/counterparty/index.md): XCP assets, the first blockspace tokens (2014), with Stamps and Counters as subsets: one asset, one claim, however many sources sight it. - [TAP](https://blockspace.wiki/protocols/tap/index.md): TAP ticks and DMT, catalogued through tap-reader, a mirror of Trac's feed, with two hops of derived trust. - [SRC-20 and SRC-101](https://blockspace.wiki/protocols/src-20/index.md): SRC-20 ticks written in the Stamps carriers, and SRC-101 names, both catalogued by the stamps adapter. - [Open Assets](https://blockspace.wiki/protocols/open-assets/index.md): An asset protocol of coloured outputs that BTI decodes itself with a coloured-UTXO walk; B/A 0.72 in the July 2026 measurement run. - [CoinSpark](https://blockspace.wiki/protocols/coinspark/index.md): A coloured-output asset protocol whose default route moves units with no CoinSpark bytes at all: the most extreme free-ride measurement recorded. - [EPOBC](https://blockspace.wiki/protocols/epobc/index.md): Colours written into the nSequence field every input already has: zero carrier bytes, the limiting case of the free-ride index. - [Colu](https://blockspace.wiki/protocols/colu/index.md): Colored Coins 2.0: a coloured-UTXO protocol over two carriers, OP_RETURN and bare multisig, whose identity is a pure function of chain data. - [SPOOL](https://blockspace.wiki/protocols/spool/index.md): ascribe's edition registry in OP_RETURN, from 2014 to 2017: editions are tokens, pieces are labels, and fuel transactions are enablers. - [Charms](https://blockspace.wiki/protocols/charms/index.md): A zero-knowledge token protocol whose spells state the resulting charms in the clear; it moved from witness to OP_RETURN, and its Bitcoin-side supply is a lower bound. - [Pipe](https://blockspace.wiki/protocols/pipe/index.md): A September-2023 OP_RETURN token protocol, the Runes precursor, with art in tapscript; no indexer has ever existed, so BTI's replay is the record. - [BRC-100](https://blockspace.wiki/protocols/brc-100/index.md): An inscription-borne tick ledger with a two-step transfer; its only mirror died, so BTI was ruled its indexer on 2026-08-11. - [Mezcal](https://blockspace.wiki/protocols/mezcal/index.md): Runes-lite JSON mezcalstones in OP_RETURN from block 898,750; BTI's decoder transcribes the author's reference indexer, quirks and all. - [OP-20](https://blockspace.wiki/protocols/op20/index.md): BRC-20's JSON shape on OP_RETURN plus a required credit address; no indexer has ever existed, so BTI's replay is the record. - [Bitmap](https://blockspace.wiki/protocols/bitmap/index.md): Bitmap districts are labels on inscribed sats: BTI's opi-bitmap adapter adds a source under Ordinal Sats, never a family of its own. ## How it's measured - [How it's measured](https://blockspace.wiki/methodology/index.md): Null is never zero, the frontier, the conservation identity, the boards. - [Null is never zero](https://blockspace.wiki/methodology/null-is-never-zero/index.md): Why block.space and this wiki write "not measured" instead of 0: what a measured zero is, where nulls come from, and how the rule shows on the pages and in the APIs. - [The frontier and "as of"](https://blockspace.wiki/methodology/the-frontier-and-as-of/index.md): How to read the heights on block.space and this wiki: which block a figure is true to, why one page can carry several heights, and how a dated document figure differs from a live one. - [The conservation identity](https://blockspace.wiki/methodology/the-conservation-identity/index.md): claimed + carriage + burned + unclaimed = block size: the four categories every byte falls into, why the identity is the meter's trust anchor, and how block.space shows the check. - [What each board ranks](https://blockspace.wiki/methodology/what-each-board-ranks/index.md): The four block.space rankings, the leaderboard, largest inscriptions, heaviest tokens and collections: what one row is, which book each reads by default, how deep it goes, and the rules they share. - [Coverage](https://blockspace.wiki/methodology/coverage/index.md): How much of Book A the holders appendix can place on addresses, protocol by protocol: what the gap is made of, which protocols are not measured, and the checks behind the figure. - [Measured findings](https://blockspace.wiki/methodology/measured-findings/index.md): The findings of the July 2026 measurement run, each dated, and what the live meter reads now. Ratios are the durable results; shares of the chain move. ## Data and APIs - [Data and APIs](https://blockspace.wiki/data/index.md): Every public API across the estate, and the machine surfaces. - [The block.space API](https://blockspace.wiki/data/block-space-api/index.md): Every public JSON endpoint under https://block.space/api/: what each one returns, its parameters, the shared conventions, and real responses with their as of. - [The block.space board APIs](https://blockspace.wiki/data/block-space-api-boards/index.md): The ranking APIs behind block.space/rankings, the leaderboard, the largest inscriptions, the heaviest tokens and the collections, and the address and inscription detail endpoints, all in the one envelope. - [The explore.block.space API](https://blockspace.wiki/data/explorer-api/index.md): explore.block.space runs the open-source Mempool explorer, and with it the Mempool REST API: what is enabled, where it is documented, and real responses. - [The blockspace.to ord API](https://blockspace.wiki/data/ord-api/index.md): blockspace.to is an ord server with its JSON API switched on: how to ask for JSON, the endpoints its guide lists, the recursive /r/ endpoints, the brotli rule for /content, and real responses. - [Data the other sites publish](https://blockspace.wiki/data/other-sites-data/index.md): The data files and feeds of blockspacelabs.com, blockspace.news, blockspace.markets and the block.space buy board, counters.gallery and scribb.it: what each holds, where it comes from, and a real reading. - [Machine surfaces](https://blockspace.wiki/data/machine-surfaces/index.md): The files blockspace.wiki publishes for agents and crawlers: sitemap, robots, llms.txt and llms-full.txt, Markdown per page, the Atom feed, the search index, blockspace.json, the live figures and the JSON-LD types. Plus what is planned for the other sites. ## Glossary - [Glossary](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/index.md): Every term, A to Z, defined once and linked everywhere. - [alkane](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/alkane/index.md) - [anti-battery](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/anti-battery/index.md) - [appropriated field](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/appropriated-field/index.md) - [ARC-20](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/arc-20/index.md) - [Architecture Decision Record](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/architecture-decision-record/index.md) - [archival node](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/archival-node/index.md) - [as of block H](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/as-of-block-h/index.md) - [Atelier](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/atelier/index.md) - [Atomicals container](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/atomicals-container/index.md) - [Atomicals realm](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/atomicals-realm/index.md) - [attempt](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/attempt/index.md) - [attribution](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/attribution/index.md) - [backing](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/backing/index.md) - [backing ratio](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/backing-ratio/index.md) - [backing succession](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/backing-succession/index.md) - [bare multisig](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/bare-multisig/index.md) - [batch](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/batch/index.md) - [Bitbar](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/bitbar/index.md) - [Bitcoin L1](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/bitcoin-l1/index.md) - [Bitcoin Stamp](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/bitcoin-stamp/index.md) - [Bitmap](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/bitmap/index.md) - [block](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/block/index.md) - [block subsidy](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/block-subsidy/index.md) - [blockspace](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/blockspace/index.md) - [blockspace asset](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/blockspace-asset/index.md) - [Blockspace Floor Price](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/blockspace-floor-price/index.md) - [Blockspace Holdings](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/blockspace-holdings/index.md) - [Blockspace Holdings' node and indexers](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/blockspace-holdings-node-and-indexers/index.md) - [Blockspace Labs](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/blockspace-labs/index.md) - [blockspace token](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/blockspace-token/index.md) - [Book A](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/book-a/index.md) - [Book B](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/book-b/index.md) - [Book C](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/book-c/index.md) - [book entry](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/book-entry/index.md) - [bounty](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/bounty/index.md) - [BRC-20 tick](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/brc-20-tick/index.md) - [BTI](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/bti/index.md) - [BTP](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/btp/index.md) - [burned bytes](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/burned-bytes/index.md) - [BVT](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/bvt/index.md) - [BYTES](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/bytes-token/index.md) - [carriage](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/carriage/index.md) - [CAT-21](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/cat-21/index.md) - [cenotaph](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/cenotaph/index.md) - [citation](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/citation/index.md) - [claimed bytes](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/claimed-bytes/index.md) - [claims](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/claims/index.md) - [clean-mint rule](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/clean-mint-rule/index.md) - [coinbase transaction](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/coinbase-transaction/index.md) - [concealed co-claim](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/concealed-co-claim/index.md) - [confirmation](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/confirmation/index.md) - [consensus hash](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/consensus-hash/index.md) - [consequence principle](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/consequence-principle/index.md) - [conservation](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/conservation/index.md) - [content type](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/content-type/index.md) - [counter](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/counter/index.md) - [Counterparty](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/counterparty/index.md) - [counterparty + ord](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/counterparty-plus-ord/index.md) - [Counterparty DEX](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/counterparty-dex/index.md) - [Counterparty taproot envelope](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/taproot-envelope/index.md) - [coverage](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/coverage/index.md) - [cursed inscription](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/cursed-inscription/index.md) - [cursor](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/cursor/index.md) - [decay-by-amnesia](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/decay-by-amnesia/index.md) - [decentralization constraint](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/decentralization-constraint/index.md) - [Decentralized Gentlemen Club](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/decentralized-gentlemen-club/index.md) - [dedicated](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/dedicated/index.md) - [Degent](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/degent/index.md) - [Degent mint](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/degent-mint/index.md) - [delegate inscription](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/delegate-inscription/index.md) - [Devcash](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/devcash/index.md) - [dispenser](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/dispenser/index.md) - [dust claim](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/dust-claim/index.md) - [edict](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/edict/index.md) - [edition](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/edition/index.md) - [enabler](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/enabler/index.md) - [envelope](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/envelope/index.md) - [etching](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/etching/index.md) - [explore.block.space](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/explore-block-space/index.md) - [fairminter](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/fairminter/index.md) - [fee floor](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/fee-floor/index.md) - [fee rate](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/fee-rate/index.md) - [five-colour family key](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/five-colour-family-key/index.md) - [frame and placard](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/frame-and-placard/index.md) - [free-ride index](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/free-ride-index/index.md) - [full-RBF](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/full-rbf/index.md) - [heaviest tokens board](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/heaviest-tokens-board/index.md) - [Hodl](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/hodl/index.md) - [holder](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/holder/index.md) - [indexer](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/indexer/index.md) - [initial bounty offering](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/initial-bounty-offering/index.md) - [inscription](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/inscription/index.md) - [inscription id](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/inscription-id/index.md) - [label](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/label/index.md) - [largest inscriptions board](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/largest-inscriptions-board/index.md) - [lazy consensus](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/lazy-consensus/index.md) - [liquidity pool](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/liquidity-pool/index.md) - [Litebars](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/litebars/index.md) - [Litepedia](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/litepedia/index.md) - [lost sats](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/lost-sats/index.md) - [LP token](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/lp-token/index.md) - [machine surfaces](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/machine-surfaces/index.md) - [mempool](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/mempool/index.md) - [metaprotocol adapter](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/metaprotocol-adapter/index.md) - [metaprotocol indexer](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/metaprotocol-indexer/index.md) - [metashrew](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/metashrew/index.md) - [native protocol](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/native-protocol/index.md) - [non-custodial](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/non-custodial/index.md) - [not measured](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/not-measured/index.md) - [OLGA](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/olga/index.md) - [Omni property](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/omni-property/index.md) - [OP_RETURN](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/op-return/index.md) - [OPI](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/opi/index.md) - [ord](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/ord/index.md) - [ordinal number](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/ordinal-number/index.md) - [Ordinal Sats](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/ordinal-sats/index.md) - [payload](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/payload/index.md) - [pointer counter](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/pointer-counter/index.md) - [price per KB](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/price-per-kb/index.md) - [protostone](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/protostone/index.md) - [rankings](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/rankings/index.md) - [raw bytes](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/raw-bytes/index.md) - [Readings A, B and C](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/readings-a-b-c/index.md) - [recursive inscription](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/recursive-inscription/index.md) - [reinscription](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/reinscription/index.md) - [reorg](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/reorg/index.md) - [replacement ceiling](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/replacement-ceiling/index.md) - [residue](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/residue/index.md) - [reveal transaction](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/reveal-transaction/index.md) - [rolling hash](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/rolling-hash/index.md) - [ruleset](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/ruleset/index.md) - [rune](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/rune/index.md) - [sat](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/sat/index.md) - [sat name](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/sat-name/index.md) - [sats per kB](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/sats-per-kb/index.md) - [Scribbit](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/scribbit/index.md) - [second-source adapter](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/second-source-adapter/index.md) - [SHA-256](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/sha-256/index.md) - [share of backing](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/share-of-backing/index.md) - [Shared Claim Axiom](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/shared-claim-axiom/index.md) - [sighting](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/sighting/index.md) - [Space Blocks](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/space-blocks/index.md) - [spent sats](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/spent-sats/index.md) - [spiderweb](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/spiderweb/index.md) - [standard transaction](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/standard-transaction/index.md) - [sub-1 sat/vB relay](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/sub-1-sat-vb-relay/index.md) - [Taproot](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/taproot/index.md) - [the appendix](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/the-appendix/index.md) - [the books](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/the-books/index.md) - [the buy board](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/buy-board/index.md) - [the census](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/the-census/index.md) - [the frontier](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/the-frontier/index.md) - [the leaderboard](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/the-leaderboard/index.md) - [the Meter](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/the-meter/index.md) - [the one envelope](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/the-one-envelope/index.md) - [the partition](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/the-partition/index.md) - [the three books](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/the-three-books/index.md) - [tokenized blockspace](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/tokenized-blockspace/index.md) - [transaction](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/transaction/index.md) - [trust triad](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/trust-triad/index.md) - [two-step transfer](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/two-step-transfer/index.md) - [unclaimed bytes](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/unclaimed-bytes/index.md) - [vbytes](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/vbytes/index.md) - [weight unit](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/weight-unit/index.md) - [whole-block](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/whole-block/index.md) - [witness](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/witness/index.md) - [witness discount](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/witness-discount/index.md) - [XCP asset](https://blockspace.wiki/glossary/xcp-asset/index.md) ## Answers - [Answers](https://blockspace.wiki/answers/index.md): One question each, answered in a paragraph, with its sources. - [How many Degents are there?](https://blockspace.wiki/answers/how-many-degents-are-there/index.md): 10,000 when fully minted, beside the live inscribed count. - [How much of Bitcoin's blockspace do tokens use?](https://blockspace.wiki/answers/how-much-blockspace-do-tokens-use/index.md): The live share of chain bytes the books attribute to tokens, with its height. - [What are Book A, B and C?](https://blockspace.wiki/answers/what-are-book-a-b-and-c/index.md): BTI's three answers to how many bytes back a token, from widest to narrowest. - [What are spent sats?](https://blockspace.wiki/answers/what-are-spent-sats/index.md): The sat ranges of already-spent outputs, which blockspace.to's ord fork keeps. - [What does "as of block H" mean?](https://blockspace.wiki/answers/what-does-as-of-block-h-mean/index.md): Every block.space figure names the block height it is synchronised to. - [What does "not measured" mean?](https://blockspace.wiki/answers/what-does-not-measured-mean/index.md): No figure exists for that thing yet; block.space writes it in words, never as 0. - [What is a rune?](https://blockspace.wiki/answers/what-is-a-rune/index.md): A fungible token whose operations ride an OP_RETURN runestone; BTI decodes runes itself. - [What is a sub-1 sat/vB transaction?](https://blockspace.wiki/answers/what-is-a-sub-1-sat-vb-transaction/index.md): A transaction paying below Bitcoin Core's default floor of 1 sat/vB, which Blockspace Labs' node relays. - [What is an inscription?](https://blockspace.wiki/answers/what-is-an-inscription/index.md): A file that ord binds to a sat; BTI treats it as content, and the sat as the token. - [What is Blockspace Holdings?](https://blockspace.wiki/answers/what-is-blockspace-holdings/index.md): The holding company behind block.space and the projects on block.space/projects. - [What is Blockspace Value Theory?](https://blockspace.wiki/answers/what-is-blockspace-value-theory/index.md): BVT, a living document and an untested thesis about tokens built on consumed Bitcoin blockspace. - [What is blockspace?](https://blockspace.wiki/answers/what-is-blockspace/index.md): The capacity of Bitcoin's blocks, as the block.space documents define and BTI measures it. - [What is BTI?](https://blockspace.wiki/answers/what-is-bti/index.md): The Blockspace Token Indexer: the instrument behind every block.space number. - [What is BTP?](https://blockspace.wiki/answers/what-is-btp/index.md): A draft (0.1) of the Blockspace Token Protocol, whose subject is blockspace itself. It does not exist. - [What is BYTES?](https://blockspace.wiki/answers/what-is-bytes/index.md): A draft (0.2) describing a fungible token of one per byte of consumed blockspace. It does not exist. - [What is carriage?](https://blockspace.wiki/answers/what-is-carriage/index.md): Bytes a token merely rode: measured in full, never counted as backing. - [What is Scribbit?](https://blockspace.wiki/answers/what-is-scribbit/index.md): A planned Blockspace Holdings product at scribb.it, coming soon. - [What is the Shared Claim Axiom?](https://blockspace.wiki/answers/what-is-the-shared-claim-axiom/index.md): The proposed rule that tokens claiming the same consumed bytes share them equally. - [What is the witness discount?](https://blockspace.wiki/answers/what-is-the-witness-discount/index.md): SegWit weighs witness bytes at a quarter of other bytes, so they cost a quarter as much. - [Where can I get the data?](https://blockspace.wiki/answers/where-can-i-get-the-data/index.md): From block.space's JSON API, and from this wiki's machine-readable files. - [Why does block.space count bytes and not vbytes?](https://blockspace.wiki/answers/why-bytes-not-vbytes/index.md): Raw bytes are the measure; vbytes are kept beside them because the ratio is the witness discount. ## FAQ - [FAQ](https://blockspace.wiki/faq/index.md): The questions, gathered on one page. ## Research - [Research](https://blockspace.wiki/research/index.md): Blockspace Labs projects, each in a short page. - [Sub-1 sat/vB relay](https://blockspace.wiki/research/sub-1-sat-vb-relay/index.md): Live: the Blockspace Labs node relays and keeps transactions paying less than 1 sat/vB, on stock Bitcoin Core with minrelaytxfee=0. - [blockspace.to: spent sats](https://blockspace.wiki/research/blockspace-to-spent-sats/index.md): Live, a product: an ord explorer and indexer that also tracks which sats have been spent, running a fork of ord with --index-spent-sats. - [Blockspace Token Indexer (BTI)](https://blockspace.wiki/research/blockspace-token-indexer/index.md): Live: every byte of every block attributed to the tokens that bought it, in three books. It powers block.space. - [The byte census](https://blockspace.wiki/research/byte-census/index.md): Live: every block's bytes, counted by region: base, witness and envelopes. - [Who holds blockspace](https://blockspace.wiki/research/who-holds-blockspace/index.md): Live: the holders of every token's bytes, ranked by address. It powers the block.space leaderboard. - [The blockspace price](https://blockspace.wiki/research/blockspace-price/index.md): Live: asking prices per kilobyte of blockspace across marketplaces, from every listing that can be read. It powers blockspace.markets. - [4 MB transaction relay](https://blockspace.wiki/research/4mb-transaction-relay/index.md): Research: relaying transactions up to 4 MB, the whole block weight. Stock Bitcoin Core stops at 100 kvB, so it needs a patched node; none relays them here today. - [Blockspace expansion policy](https://blockspace.wiki/research/blockspace-expansion-policy/index.md): Research: the relay and consensus levers that change how much blockspace is usable and who can reach it, each measured effect beside the arguments for and against. Descriptive; it takes no side. - [Permanent bytes: what to store on Bitcoin, and how](https://blockspace.wiki/research/permanent-bytes/index.md): Research: every byte on Bitcoin is permanent and costly. What deserves that, and how is each byte best spent? Seven questions, each tied to the data that could answer it. - [Policy observatory](https://blockspace.wiki/research/policy-observatory/index.md): Research: count the transactions mined each block that standard relay would refuse, and how much blockspace reaches miners off the standard relay path. - [Low-fee propagation](https://blockspace.wiki/research/low-fee-propagation/index.md): Research: which sub-1 sat/vB transactions the Labs mempool keeps actually get mined, by which pools, and how long they wait. - [The sub-1 sat/vB share](https://blockspace.wiki/research/sub-1-sat-vb-share/index.md): Research: hour by hour, how much of a mempool with no fee floor pays below 1 sat/vB, and what it would have paid at the default floor. - [Full-RBF in practice](https://blockspace.wiki/research/full-rbf-in-practice/index.md): Research: count the replacements the Labs mempool sees with full-RBF on, and which of them reach blocks. - [The witness discount, by protocol](https://blockspace.wiki/research/witness-discount-by-protocol/index.md): Research: each token family's split of base and witness bytes, and what the discount saved it in fees. - [The envelope taxonomy](https://blockspace.wiki/research/envelope-taxonomy/index.md): Research: every way data is carried on Bitcoin (ord envelopes, Counterparty, OP_RETURN protocols, stamps), by bytes over time. - [Inscription permanence](https://blockspace.wiki/research/inscription-permanence/index.md): Research: how often inscribed sats are spent or move, and where they go. - [Lost sats](https://blockspace.wiki/research/lost-sats/index.md): Research: sats that coinbase transactions never claimed, so they exist in no output: where and when they were lost. - [Cursed inscriptions](https://blockspace.wiki/research/cursed-inscriptions/index.md): Research: which rules cursed each inscription, by height, and how the books bind them to sats. - [Testing the BVT](https://blockspace.wiki/research/testing-the-bvt/index.md): Research: does the price per kilobyte track attributed bytes? A proposed empirical test of Blockspace Value Theory, an untested thesis. - [Blockspace Value Theory (Labs card)](https://blockspace.wiki/research/blockspace-value-theory/index.md): Research: the thesis behind the meter, in its own words a living document and an untested thesis. - [Fork and reorg watch](https://blockspace.wiki/research/fork-and-reorg-watch/index.md): Research: detect indexers that follow a stale tip or a fork, from the experience of an atomicals indexer stuck on an orphan at block 966,500. - [Litecoin and Dogecoin blockspace](https://blockspace.wiki/research/litecoin-and-dogecoin-blockspace/index.md): Research: Litecoin's and Dogecoin's blockspace measured the way block.space measures Bitcoin's. No Litecoin or Dogecoin node runs yet; the study starts when one does. ## Timeline - [Timeline](https://blockspace.wiki/timeline/index.md): Dated, sourced events: the estate's and Bitcoin's own. ## Sources - [Sources](https://blockspace.wiki/sources/index.md): Every document, spec and data source the wiki cites. ## Errata - [Errata](https://blockspace.wiki/errata/index.md): Corrections, dated, never silently erased.